Stem Cell Therapy Treatment and Procedure for ALS. A closer look at how stem cells are blazing the way for future medicine. Learn how these tiny cells can help millions of people world wide. ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis – also known as Charkot’s disease, Charkot’s sclerosis and Lou Gehrig’s disease) is a rapidly progressive neurological illness (motor neuron disease) that is attacking the nerve cells which control voluntary muscles.